A Brief History of Hackerdom
Eric S. Raymond
[email protected]
1997/10/06 $BHG(B

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          [email protected]
1997/10/27


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($BLuCm(B)``the ast true hacker''
Steven Levy $B!V%O%C%+!<%:!W(B($B9)3XW7b$rM?$($O$8$a$F$$$?;~Be$G$"$C$?!#%$!<%5%M%C%H(BEthernet $B$H%b%H%m!<%i(B
Motorola 68000 $B%^%$%/%m%A%C%W$O6/NO$J@x:_E*$r$b$DAH$_9g$o$;$H$J$C$?!#(B
$B$=$7$F!"$=$l$>$l0c$C$?>l=j$G!"8=:_2f!9$,%o!<%/%9%F!<%7%g%s$H8F$V$b$N$N(B
$BBh0l@$Be$r:n$kF0$-$,;O$^$C$?!#(B

  1982 $BG/!"%P!<%/%l!<=P?H$N(B UNIX $B%O%C%+!<$?$A$N%0%k!<%W$,(B Sun
Microsystems $B$rC[$$$?!#H`$i$O(B UNIX $B$H(B 68000 $B%Y!<%9$NHf3SE*0B2A$J%O!<%I(B
$B%&%'%"$N%3%s%S$,!"9-HF$J%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$K$*[email protected]$r<}$a$k$@$m$&$H$$(B
$B$&?.G0$r;}$C$F$$$?!#H`$i$O@5$7$+$C$?!#$=$7$FH`$i$N@h8+$NL@$O;:6HA4BN$K(B
$BBP$7$F8+K\$K$J$C$?!#8D?M$N$[$H$s$I$O$^$@$N%?%$%`%7%'%"%j%s%0(B
$B%7%9%F%`$r5^B.$KCV$-$+$($?!#(B

  1984 $BG/$K!"(BUNIX $B$,(B AT&T $B$K$h$C$FC%$$&IJ$K$J$C$?:"$K(B
$B$O!"%O%C%+!<$N9q$K$*$1$k:G$b=EMW$JCGAX$O!"%M%C%H%o!<%/$K$h$C$F9=C[$5$l$?%o!<%/%9%F!<%7%g%s5i$N%^%7%s$O%O%C%+!<(B
$B$?$A$K?7$7$$@$3&$r3+$$$?!#$=$l$i$O9b5!G=$N%0%i%U%#%C%/%9=hM}$r9T$&$h$&(B
$B$K9=C[$5$l!"%M%C%H%o!<%/>e$G6&M-$N%G!<%?$r2sMw$7$?!#(B1980$BG/BeCf%O%C%+!<(B
$B$N9q$O%=%U%H%&%'%"$H$3$N$h$&$J;EMM$r;H$$$3$J$;$k%D!<%k$r:n$j>e$2$k$$$/(B
$B$D$b$ND)@o$KL4Cf$K$J$C$?!#%P!<%/%l!<(B UNIX $B$O(B ARPANET $B%W%m%H%3%k$K4X$9(B
$B$kFbIt%5%]!<%H$r3+H/$7!"%M%C%H%o!<%/%-%s%0$NLdBj$r2r7h$7$?!#$=$7$F!"%$(B
$B%s%?!<%M%C%[email protected]$rB%$9$3$H$H$J$C$?!#(B

  $B%o!<%/%9%F!<%7%g%s%0%i%U%#%C%/5!G=$r4IM}$9$kJ}K!$H$7$F$$$/$D$+$N;n$_(B
$B$,$"$C$?!#M%@*$K$J$C$?$b$N$N$R$H$D$,(B X Window $B%7%9%F%`$@$C$?!#[email protected](B
$B$N=EMW$JMW0x$O!"(BX $B$N3+H/$C$F?J$s$G%=!<%9(B
$B$r%U%j!<$G6!M?$7$h$&$H$7$?$3$H!"$=$7$F%$%s%?!<%M%C%H>e$G$=$l$i$rG[I[$G(B
$B$-$?$3$H$@$C$?!#FH@j$N%0%i%U%#%C%/%7%9%F%`(B( $B$R$H$D$O(B Sun $B$=$l<+?H$K$h$C(B
$B$FDs6!$5$l$?$b$N$r4^$s$G$$$?$,(B)$B$N>e$G$N(B X $B$N>!Mx$O!"(BUNIX $B<+?H$KBg$-$J(B
$B1F6A$r5Z$\$7!"$=$l$+$i$N?tG/$NJQ2=$N=EMW$J$^$($V$l$G$"$C$?!#(B

  ITS $B$H(B UNIX $B$N4V$K$O!"$I$-$^$@$o$:$+$KE^GIE*$JBPN)$,B8:_$7$?(B ($B85(B ITS 
$B$N%f!<%6B&$+$i$N$b$N$,BgItJ,$@$C$?$,(B)$B!#$7$+$7!":G8e$N(B ITS $B%^%7%s$O(B 
1990 $BG/$K@=B$$rDd;_$7$?!#G.68l=j$,$J$/$J$j!"$$$m$$(B
$B$m$JJ86g$b$"$C$?$,$[$H$s$I(B UNIX $BJ82=$KF12=$7$?!#(B

  $B%M%C%H%o!<%/2=$5$l$?%O%C%+!<$N9q$NFbIt$G$b!"(B1980 $BG/Be!"%P!<%/%l!<(B UNIX 
$B$H(B AT&T $BHG$N%U%!%s$N4V$GBg$-$J93Ah$,$"$C$?!#$"$J$?$,$?$O:#$G$b;~$*$j1G(B
$B2h%9%?!<%&%)!<%:$Nl$G(B BSD $B$d(B Sun $B$K7h$7$FDI$$$D$/$3$H$O$J$+$C$?$,!"I8=`2=@oAh$K>!Mx$7$?!#(B
1990 $BG/(B AT&T $B$H(B BSD $BHG$OB?$/$NLL$G8_$$$N?7$7$$5;=Q$r:NMQ$7$F$*$j!"8_$$(B
$B$r6hJL$9$k$N$O$h$jFq$7$/$J$C$?!#(B

  1990 $BG/Be$,;O$^$k$H!"(B80$BG/Be$N%o!<%/%9%F!<%7%g%s5;=Q$O?7$?$KEP>l$7$?(B
$Bl$G$"$k!#(B
$B$R$H$j$R$H$j$N%O%C%+!<$?$A$,$O$8$a$F!"=i4|$N:"$N(B 10 $BG/A0$N%_%K%3%s%T%e!<(B
$B%?%Q%o!<$KI$E($9$kJ]B8G=NO$rF1DxEY$K;}$D%[!<%`%^%7%s$r;}$D$3$H$,$G$-$k(B
$B$h$&$K$J$C$?$N$G$"$k!#(BUNIX $B$,F0$-!"==J,$J3+H/4D6-$H%$%s%?!<%M%C%H@\B3(B
$B$rDs6!$7$F$/$l$k%^%7%s$G$"$k!#(B

  MS-DOS $B$N@$3&$O$3$N$h$&$J$3$H$K$9$Y$F$NL5CN$N$^$^$@$C$?!#=i4|$N%^%$(B
$B%/%m%3%s%T%e!<%?$N%U%!%s$O(B '$B%M%C%H%o!<%/(B'$BJ82=$N=EMW$5$h$j$b$b$C$HBg$-(B
$B$J=EBg;v$N$?$a$K(B DOS $B$H(B Mac $B%O%C%+!<$N?M8}$rAa5^$KA}$d$7$?$,!"H`$i$O7h(B
$B$7$F<+J,$GL\3P$a$kJ82=$r:n$i$J$+$C$?!#JQ2=$NB.EY$OBgJQ$KB.$+$C$?$N$G!"(B
$BB?$/$N0c$C$?5;=QJ82=$,0i$A!"$=$7$FM[1j$N$h$&$K5^7c$K>C$($F$$$-!"@lLgMQ(B
$B8l$d&MQ$N%*%s%i%$%s%5!<%S%9$X$N9-HO0O$J%"%/(B
$B%;%9$,DjCe$7;O$a$F$$$?$,!"Hs(B UNIX$B7O(B $B$N%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$O3+H/%D!<(B
$B%k$K$O4^$^$l$FMh$J$+$C$?!#Hs(B UNIX $B$N(B OS $B$O$[$H$s$IL5;k$5$l$F$7$^$C$?!#(B
$B$=$N$?$a$K!"6&F1:n6HE*$J%O%C%-%s%0$NEAE}$,H/E8$7$J$+$C$?!#(B

  $B%O%C%+!<$N9q$N&MQ%5!<%S%9$K4X?4$,$J$+$C$?!#%O%C%+!<$N9q$H$$$&(B
$B$N$O!"%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$N<~JU$GAH?%2=(B($B$"$k$$$OHsAH?%(B)$B$5$l!"$=$7$F(B UNIX $B$N(B
$B5;=QE*J82=$HF10l$@$H8+$J$5$l$?H`$i$O$h$j$h$$%D!<%k$rM_$7$,$j!"%$%s%?!<(B
$B%M%C%H$r$b$C$HMxMQ$9$k$3$H$rK>$_!"$=$7$F!"C/$K$bJ}$rHw$($k$N$rLsB+$5$l$?0B2A$J(B 32-bit PC $B$rK>$s$@!#(B

  $B$@$,!"%=%U%H%&%'%"$O$I$3$K$"$C$?$N$+!#>&MQ$N(B UNIX $BN`$O(B $B?t@i%I%k$b$7(B
$B$F$"$$$+$o$i$:9b2A$@$C$?!#(B1990 $BG/Be$N$O$8$a$K$O!"$$$/$D$+$N2q$s$@$b$N$rM?$($k$3$H$,$G$-$J$+$C$?!#(B

  $B%U%j!<%=%U%H%&%'%":bCD$b$J$+$C$?!#%O%C%+!<$X$N(B RMS (Richard
M.Stallman)$B$N5W$7$/LsB+$5$l$F$$$?%U%j!<$N(B UNIX $B%+!<%M%k$G$"$k(B HURD $B$O(B
1996 $BG/(B( FSF $B$O(B UNIX $B7O%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$N$=$NB>$N:$Fq$JItJ,$9(B
$B$Y$F$r(B1990 $BG/$K$ODs6!$7$F$$$?$,(B)$B$^$G7W2h$r$O;H$o$J$$!#(B

  $B$3$N$9$-4V$K%X%k%7%s%-Bg3X$N3X@8(B Linus Torvalds $B$,3d$j9~$s$@!#(B1992 
$BG/!"H`$O%U%j!<%=%U%H%&%'%":bCD$N%D!<%k%-%C%H$r;H$C$F!"(B386$B%^%7%sMQ$K%U(B
$B%j!<(B UNIX $B$N3+H/$r;O$a$?!#H`$N:G=i$N!"[email protected]$O(B Linux $B$r3+H/$9$k$?(B
$B$a$KH`$r1g=u$9$kB?$/$N%$%s%?!<%M%C%H%O%C%+!<$r0z$-IU$1$?!#(B Linux $B$O!"(B
$B40A4$K%U%j!<$G:FG[I[2DG=$J%=!<%9$GAuHw$7$?(B UNIX $B$G$"$k!#(B

  $B$7$+$7$J$,$i!"(BLinux $B$N:G$b=EMW$JFC?'$O(B $B5;=QE*$J$b$N$G$O$J$/!".$5$$%0%k!<%W$G!"$7$+$b87A*$7$F=8$a$i(B
$B$l$??M$?$A$K$h$C$F!"?5=E$KAH?%2=$5$l$?J}K!$G3+H/$5$l$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$H(B
$B?.$8$i$l$F$$$?!#$3$N%b%G%k$O!"8=:_$G$b!">&MQ$N%=%U%H$d(B 1980 $BG/Be$K3+H/(B
$B$5$l$?(B FSF(Free Software Foundation) $B$N0NBg$J%=%U%H%&%'%"$KE57?E*$J$b(B
$B$N$G$"$C$?!#(B

  Linux $B$O40A4$K0c$C$?J}[email protected]$7$?!#$[$H$s$I:G=i$+$i%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$r(B
$BDL$8$F$@$16&F1$GF0$/$3$H$,$G$-$k?tB?$/$N%\%i%s%F%#%"$K$h$C$F$`$7$m5$7Z(B
$B$Ko$K$&$^$/$$$C$?$N$G$"$k!#(B

  1993 $BG/$N=*$o$j$^$G$K!"(B Linux $B$O0BDj@-$H?.Mj@-$K$*$$$FB?$/$N>&MQ(B 
UNIX $B$H8*$rJB$Y$k$h$&$K$J$j!"Hs>o$KB?$/$N%=%U%H%&%'%"$,(B Linux $B$GF0:n$9(B
$B$k$h$&$K$J$?!#$3$N$h$&$JH/E8$N4V@\E*$J8z2L$N$R$H$D$O!">.$5$J>&MQ(B UNIX 
$B$NHNGd85$N$[$H$s$I$rDY$7$F$7$^$&$3$H$@$C$?!#3+H/CLG$9$k$HM=8@$5$l$F$b$J$*$+$DH?93$7$F!"<+J,$?(B
$B$A$N%$%a!<%8$K$"$&>&MQ%=%U%H%&%'%"$N@$3&$r:n$jD>$7;O$a$F$$$?!#(B

  Linux mail protected]$OB>$N8=>]$b0z$-5/$3$7$?!#$9$J$o$A!"%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$N0lHL(B
$B@-$NH/8+$G$"$k!#(B1990 $BG/$N;O$a$K$O!"7n$K?t%I%k$G0lHL$K@\B3$rGd$k%$%s%?!<(B
$B%M%C%H%W%m%P%$%@;:6H$,@9$s$K$J$j;O$a$F$$$?!#(BWWW(World-Wide Web) $B$NH/L@(B
$B0J9_!"$9$G$K5^[email protected]$7$F$$$?%$%s%?!<%M%C%[email protected]$O!"$5$i$K0[>o$J%Z!<%9(B
$B$G2CB.$7$?!#(B

  1994 $BG/$K$O!"(B $B%P!<%/%l!<$N(B UNIX $B3+H/%0%k!<%W$O@5<0$K=*N;$7$?G/$K$O!"(B
$B$$$/$D$+$N0[$J$C$?HG$N%U%j!<$J(B UNIX ( Linux $B$H(B4.4BSD $B$"$?$j$r$b$H$K$7(B
$B$?$b$N$$$/$D$+$N(B)$B$,%O%C%-%s%03hF0$N=EMW$J>GE@$H$J$j!"0lHL$KDs6!$5$l$?!#(B
Linux $B$O(BCD-ROM $B$G>&MQE*$KG[I[$5$l!"$H$F$b$h$/Gd$l$F$$$?!#(B1995 $BG/$N=*$o(B
$B$j$K$O$5$s(B  [email protected]
$B?e86$5$s(B  [email protected]
$B?9K\$5$s(B  [email protected]
$B7,B<$5$s(B  [email protected]
$BCfLn$5$s(B  [email protected]
$B>.Eg$5$s(B  [email protected]


$BLu!'CfC+@i3((B [email protected]
1997/10/27
------------------------------